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10 where of the same length, these areas would he enclosed by equal portions of the curve; and the motion of the planet would consequently be uniform. On the other hand, in the very eccentric orbits of some comets, the aphelion distance, S P 6, is many hundred times the perihelion distance, S P ; and the rate of movement in the part of the orbit most distant from the Sun is proportionally slower. There is another cause which disturbs the movements of the planets, and which prevents them from being exactly conformable to the law just explained. Being attracted not merely by the Sun, but by each other, they are liable to be drawn out of their paths by each others’ influence ; and Jupiter, being the largest of all the planets, thus produces a considerable disturbance in the motions of those that are nearest to him. These perturbations , as they are called, are shown much more conspicuously by comets, which, in consequence of the very small quantity of solid matter they contain, are liable to be completely drawn out of their course by the attraction of any planet near which they may happen to pass. The planets do not all move round the Sun on the same plane or level. We are accustomed to compare the position of their orbits with that of the Earth, which is called the Plane of the Ecliptic; and they are all more or less inclined to it. This is shown in DIAGRAM IY, which represents the orbit of the Earth, AC, and that of another planet (shown by the blue line) crossing it at the points B and D; these points are called Nodes. The inclination of the orbit of Pallas is greater than that of any of the other planets, being 34|°; whilst that of the orbit of Uranus is the least, being less than one degree. It results from this inclination of the planets’ orbits to each other, that no planet can pass between the Sun and any other planet whose orbit is