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13 mean distance from the Sun is 95 million miles, and it moves at the rate of 68,000 miles an hour. It revolves on its axis in 24 hours ; so that each point on its sur- face is alternately presented to the Sun’s influence, and turned from it. By this movement day and night are produced. Mars has a fiery red appearance, as shown in DIAGRAM VII. This is supposed to he owing to the density of his atmosphere. Ilis distance from the Sun is 142 million miles, and he revolves about it in 687 days. His dia- meter is 4100 miles, and he revolves on his axis in 24| hours. The white appearance at his poles is sup- posed to he caused hy perpetual snow. Beyond the orbit of Mars are nine small planets, four of which were discovered at the commencement of the present century, and the other five within the years 1846-8. The first four are called Vesta, Juno, Ceres, and Pallas ; the five others, Flora, Iris, Hebe, Metis, and Astrsea. The distance of Vesta from the Sun is 224 million miles, and she revolves round him in 3§ years. The orbit of Juno is very eccentric; that is, she is much nearer the Sun at some times than at others; her greatest distance from him being 320 million miles, her least 190 millions. Her revolution is performed in less than 4,} years. Ceres and Pallas are about 263 millions of miles distant from the Sun, and they revolve about him in a little more than 4J years. These two planets are very near together. The diameters of these planets have been very differently stated by various as- tronomers ; they are at any rate exceedingly small, it being only possible to see them with a telescope. Their similarity in size, in distance from the Sun, and in pe- riod of revolution, have caused many to believe that they all originally formed one planet, broken into several Pieces by some vast eruptive force. They are not un- trequently termed Asteroids.