American cinematographer (Jan-Dec 1963)

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Technical Questions and Answers Q# _ W hile the term “ filter factor is not entirely unfamiliar to me, / only re¬ cently came up against the problem of having to know exactly what it means and how to use it. It's funny how little straightforward , understandable infor¬ mation one can get from an associate when you put the question to him on technical subject of this kind. There¬ fore, will you kihdly explain the mean¬ ing and the purpose of filter factor as concisely and as clearly as possible for a “ freshman ’ cinematographer ? — J. R. R., Oakland, Calif. ‘ A. Since a filter absorbs part of tbe light which would otherwise go towards exposing the film, its use involves an increase in exposure corresponding to the proportion of the effective light ab¬ sorbed. The number of times the ex¬ posure must be increased over the ex¬ posure without a filter is known as the filter factor. The filter factor depends principally on the absorption characteristics of the filter, the spectral sensitivity of the pho¬ tographic material, and the spectral composition of the light by which the subject is illuminated. Factors to sun¬ light for most of the filters commonly used are given in the specification sheets which film manufacturers make available for the black-and-white cam¬ era negative films. The filters used for obtaining night effects on day exteriors, with panchro¬ matic film, do not have definite factors since the exposure increase required varies with the degree of night effect to be produced. The foregoing is quoted from “East¬ man Motion Picture f ilms For Profes¬ sional Use,” by Eastman Kodak Com¬ pany, and may be considered authentic and concise information on the subject. Continued on Page 150 "HOF Print Vour Titles with only $495 TEL-Animaprint® HOT PRESS Prints Dry & Fast S.O.S. PHOTO-CINE OPTICS, Inc. 602 West 52nd St., New York 19 — Plaza 7-0440 Western Branch: 6331 Holly’d Blvd., Hollywood, Calif. Write for brochure new! FILMLINE S-60 16/35MM NEG/POS CORPORATION MILFORD, CONNECTICUT MAJOR BR£AKTHRGLi(»H Recent Filmline Installations: • N. A. S. A. Huntsville, Ala. • Reeves Sound, N. Y. C. • Thiokol Chemical Co. • WHYN-TV, KNDO-TV, WFMY-TV • Moral Rearmament Dept. AM-63 More Filmline Features: • Film chamber doors are completely removable for easy access to entire chamber (Not found in competitive models of similar class) • Processing section is stainless steel • Impingement dry box • Precision temperature controls with indicating pilot lights for cool¬ ing & heating . 316 Stainless steel pumps for developing & hypo solution • Water temperature regulator . Dual air squegee • Feed in take up elevators for continuous operation • Replenishment flow meters . Manual & automatic brake for film supply . Automatic electrical torque motor take-up • Variable drive with film speed tachometer . Precision Thermometer & footage counter. For the full story on the S-60 write today to: The S-60 is Filmline’s newest Spray Processor. It is a friction drive processor, guaranteed not to break or scratch film. Filmline’s exclusive overdrive film transport system is so accurate it makes this guarantee possible. What’s more film can be stalled 100% in spray chambers without altering footage. Absolute control of footage in each chamber insures sensitometric quality control and consistent development. And Filmline processors (unlike competitive makes) have lower film assemblies that are adjustable and remain captive in the position placed. Position of lower assemblies can be easily monitored and adjusted by indicator rods at the top of each chamber. The S-60 is the specific answer to every labo¬ ratories need for a Spray Processor — because it outperforms machines costing twice as much. Look into the Filmline S-60 — It Will Pay You. IN SPRAY DEVELOPING • DEVELOPS NEGATIVE FILM AT 35 FPM • DEVELOPS POSITIVE FILM AT 60 FPM 1 48 AMERICAN CINEMATOGRAPHER, MARCH, 1963