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ELECTRICAL ACTION 25
If we supply an engine with steam at 50 pounds pressure it will do a certain amount of \v< >rk. I E we raise the pressure to 100 pounds its capacity for work will be doubled, though using only the same number of cubic inches of steam. In both cases the pressure and not the steam is consumed.
It is the same with electricity. (81) Ten amperes of current at 50 volts pressure represent a certain definite quantity or amount of electrical energy, namely 50 X 10 = 500 watts. Ten amperes at 100 volts represent exactly twice as much. Twenty amperes at 50 volts would represent the same amount as ten amperes at 100 volts. (82) Watts represent electrical energy, and watts are volts multiplied by amperes.
The point we wish to make is that (83) amperage or volume is merely the vehicle through which pressure (voltage) works, and that (84) it is voltage or pressure that is consumed in the production of power. (85) The horse power performed by an electric current is represented by voltage times amperes (watts) divided by (86) 746 (watts), which is one horse power of electric energy, therefore volts X amperes -r 746 = horse power.
The Ohm
(87) In passing through a pipe water meets resistance due to friction with sides of the pipe. If the pipe walls are rough friction will be greater.
(88) Current passing through metal meets resistance. If the metal is a good conductor the resistance will be low; if the metaJ is a poor conductor the resistance will be high.
(89) Resistance tends to retard the flow of either water or electricity. Electrical resistance is measured in ohms. (90) It produces heat in the conductors in propor tion to the amount of resistance the current must over come. In other words the power consumed or used in overcoming resistance is transformed into heat. (01) That is why wires become hot when too much current (overload) is passed through them. (92) Resistance increases rapidly as a wire becomes overloaded. (93)