We use Optical Character Recognition (OCR) during our scanning and processing workflow to make the content of each page searchable. You can view the automatically generated text below as well as copy and paste individual pieces of text to quote in your own work.
Text recognition is never 100% accurate. Many parts of the scanned page may not be reflected in the OCR text output, including: images, page layout, certain fonts or handwriting.
the light source Carbon Spindling
367
0
u
(31) "Spindling" means the burning of a carbon tip
to an abnormally long, slim point as illustrated in Fig. A 145. It may occur to cither or both positive and negative. It is an exceedingly bad condition making for poor light and waste of power. (32) It may be due to overloading — using amperage above the rated capacity of the carbons. It may rtyUj) A ' ^e caused by lack of proper firm contact between the carbon and carbon jaw over the entire area of the contact surface, which in turn may be due to (a) loose contact, (b) roughened or pitted carbon jaw; (c) dirty contact surface, or (d) in some cases by I current entering the carbon too Figure 146 far from the carbon tip. This
last seldom happens except in high intensity lamps where the carbons are working above their rated capacity. Whatever its cause, it will be aided materially by high temperatures in poorly ventilated lamphouses.
(33) If your carbons seem inclined to spindle and yet are not being forced above their rated capacity, first make sure that the lamphouse has proper and continuous ventilation. Examine the carbon jaws, making sure they are clean, not pitted, and that when tightened up they clamp the carbon firmly through their entire area.
(34) The net effect of spindling of the positive carbon is a reduction of the light source area and a reduction of the current flow due to the increased resistance offered by the small spindling part of the carbon. The penciling of the negative carbon by increasing the resistance, decreases the amperage flow, and so decreases screen illumination. Spindling may or may not cause an unsteady