The book of lantern ; being a practical guide to the working of the optical (1888)

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THE BOOK OF THE LANTERN. 21 consists of a pair of plano-convex glasses mounted in one cell, with their curved surfaces all but touching one another. This form was, I believe, first introduced with the American sciopticon. It is shown at fig. 12. The other form of condenser is that devised (but not for lantern use) by Sir John Herschell, and which consists of a double FIG. 12. FIG. 13. convex lens, associated with a meniscus, the concave side of the latter being next the radiant point, as shown in fig. 13. In a good condenser we want not only quantity of light, but also good quality, and these properties can only be secured by careful attention to certain points of construction. Quantity of light is governed by size and focal length, as already pointed out, and it may be as well to indicate here the manner in which lanterns furnished with condensers of larger size than I have recommended may be made to transmit a greater amount of light by the interposition of another lens. There were at the old Poly- technic Institution some antique lanterns with 10-in. con- densers, this large size being necessary to cover the 8-in. hand-painted transparencies which were in use before photography worked a revolution in such things. Such a large condenser, of course, meant a great loss of light, as