Business screen magazine (1946)

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Pulsing the PIP audio cassette The audio (narration, background music and effects) for the PIP system is produced and mastered in a recording studio in the normal way. Control signals to advance the film are added on a separate track of the audio master using the Norelco PIP Frame Pulse Generator. It is at this stage that it is important to have a narration script marked with exact sync points for each still frame, and the start of each animation or motion sequence. An accurate frame count for each scene, and the frame rate at which it is to be shown, should also be marked on the script. It is not necessary to time segments to fit the visual with the accuracy normally required for standard sound motion film production. Because the PIP visual can be advanced at any frame rate, it is possible to adjust the rate to fit the audio segment. It is this feature of the PIP system which allows the same visual to be used with recordings in different languages or different narratives, without the complication and expense of re-editing the film. reparing pulsing track with Norelco PIP Frame Pulse Generator. This also allows the "pace" of a PIP program to be altered at the sync mastering stage. Sync Recording It is simple, then, to run through the narration and add tone pulses to the control tracks, using the frame pulse generator. Of course, the master recorder should be capable of playing back the narration while simultaneously in-line recording the control signals. I.ip Sync Recording control signals to obtain lip sync in short scenes is equally simple. The pulse generator has provision for fine adjustment of the frame rate which permits accurate lip sync. This adjustment can be made while viewing a print or the scene on a PIP audio-visual unit patched to the pulse generator in parallel with the master recorder. For longer lip sync scenes, there are two possible procedures. One could proceed to interlock, as in a 16mm sound film, and use the sprocket holes to trigger the pulse generator to produce the PIP program audio and sync master. Alternatively, the lip sync scene can be shot with a camera modified to provide an output pulse for each frame. These pulses would then be recorded in in-line sync with audio. During audio editing and mastering, the pulses would be automatically converted to the final pulse track and master. During scene editing of film and audio, it is only then necessary to maintain a frame to frame pulse match to achieve perfect lip sync. Duplicating .\udio Cassettes Duplication of the audio and syne master onto Compact Cassettes can be done on any 4-track (stereo) duplicator with in-line heads (track I, 2 to track 3. 4). For programs needed in quantity, open-reel duplication with subsequent loading into cassettes is preferred. This has the additional advantage of cutting the tape to exact program length.