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32 CINEMATOGRAPHIC ANNUAL
"camera angles". By making the camera mobile and omnipresent, in other words, by shooting the same scene from different interesting angles and by showing a variety of views related to the scene at hand one could make it more vivid and impressive and perhaps save it from possible dullness.
Now to come back to actual motions. Space does not permit a thorough analysis, so we must be satisfied with some general remarks and a few examples.
Like lines, colors and sounds, different motions have different emotional values. In the graphic arts horizontal lines usually suggest rest, peace, serenity; vertical — dignity, strength; curves — fluidity, warmth, femininity, etc. Something similar is to be found in motions.
The following examples should not be taken as formulas for effective picture making, but merely as general observations. The golden rule is that there is no rule. We know that in any form of expression the values of individual elements are greatly affected by their correlation.
If, for instance, we open a picture with the camera perambulating into the scene we may create the effect of drawing the audience into the picture and thus making it participate intimately in the story from the very start. The reverse motion, receding from the scene, may be effectively used at the end of a picture. This would create a sensation similar to those produced by the last diminishing notes of a musical composition.
The ascending motion may help to express aspiration, exaltation, freedom from matter and weight. In treating a religious scene, for instance, we may learn something from the lofty, vertical, ascending lines of the Gothic cathedrals. From the view of a kneeling devotee we may pan up to a sacred image, we may show views of candle flames and upward movement of the incense smoke, and also we may include an effervescent fountain in the monastery garden.
A cheerful mood may be enhanced by the revolving, circular motion. Most of the devices in the amusement places are using this motion to make life merry for the customers. Many folk dances are performed in circles. The same motion is also expressive of another form of exuberance, that of mechanical energy, as in revolving wheels of machinery.
The diagonal, dynamic, motion suggests power, overcoming of obstacles by force. A battle sequence may be made very effective by using short sharp diagonal clashes of arms; flags, guns, bayonets, lances and swords cutting the screen diagonally, soldiers running uphill, flashes of battle shot with slanting camera.
There are many such fundamental expressive motions and the possibilities of their combinations are unlimited. To mention briefly only a few more:
Descending motion: heaviness, danger, crushing power (avalanche, waterfall, etc.)
Pendulum motion: monotony, relentlessness (monotonous walk, prison scenes, caged animals, etc.)