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40 CINEMATOGRAPHIC ANNUAL
conducted in silver-lined, steam-jacketed vessels, provided with agitators. Soluble salts formed during the reaction — in contrast to the insoluble silver bromide and silver iodide salts — must be washed out of the solution. This is accomplished by chilling it to a jelly, then straining it by pressing the mass through a chamber with a perforated bottom and sides, and washing the spaghetti-like strands many times in cold water. The shredded emulsion is then melted and coated on the film base.
Again, in this process, thickness is an important factor. Consequently, the machine used for emulsion coating is very delicate. After the film has been coated it is carried in large loops through chilling rooms to set and harden — in other words, to become conditioned. When it is thoroughly dry, motion picture film is automatically cut into strips 1% inches wide (a little less than half that width in the case of amateur motion picture film) , and is wound in rolls varying from 50 to 1,000 feet in length.
The final operation is perforating, where the greatest care is taken to insure accuracy so that the film shall run smoothly through cameras, printers, or projectors, as the case may be, which determines the steadiness of the pictures on the screen. Even such an apparently small detail as the shape of the perforations has been minutely studied.
That fact is only typical of the painstaking yet imaginative effort that has gone into film-making and will probably go into the making of film to meet whatever new needs cinematography brings forth.
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