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CINEMATOGRAPHIC ANNUAL
These essentials called for the development of an apparatus which would be similar to a still photographic camera but which would be capable of intermittently carrying the film, at the focal plane of the lens, so that an unexposed portion of the film would replace an already exposed portion at the aperture of the instrument and remain there perfectly stationary for a sufficient time for exposure.
Fig. 1
An example of Muybridge's photographic analysis of motion. Twelve cameras were used, the shutters
of which were automatically made to function at the proper moment by the subject itself.
The essential features of a motion picture camera, exception made of the photographic objective, are:
First: A mechanism which intermittently brings to its proper position at the photographic aperture of the apparatus a portion of the light sensitive film.
Second: A shutter which intermittently intercepts the light transmitted by the lens during the periods the film is in motion.
Third: Light proof receptacles in which the unexposed and the exposed film can be stored.
Other appliances, such as the tripod, and the number of attachments and devices which complete a motion picture camera, are only commodities which, although indispensable in modern motion picture making, have no bearing with the fundamental operating principles of the instrument.
The requisite of film intermittent motion presented the problem of designing a mechanism that would permit the alternation of periods of rest with periods of motion many times during a fleeting second.
The knowledge of the phenomenon of persistance of vision gave the point of departure to the first designers of the motion picture camera. Calculation and experimentation proved that some fifty