Cinematographic annual : 1930 (1930)

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EVOLUTION OF PROFESSIONAL CAMERA 67 The advent of sound pictures, however, due to the necessity of perfect synchronization of the speed of the camera with the sound recording apparatus, excluded entirely the human element in camera cranking and replaced the hand cranking with synchronous motors. Fig. 10 Bell y Howell Camera Shutter Dissolving Barrel and Shuttle and Register Leaves Control Cams. A — Shutter Dissolve Control Shaft. B — Shutter Shaft. C — Register Leaves Control Cam Slot. D — Heart-shaped Shuttle Cam. E — Super-speed Mechanism Drive Gear. F — 170 Spiral Shaft. G — Shutter Dissolve Control Barrel. The Bell ft Howell Shuttle register leaves mechanism and super-speed movement are interchangeable, the first being controlled by cams C and D, and the second being actioned by gear E. The Shaft B rotates at a uniform speed, while the speed of shaft A, to which one of the two shutter leaves is attached, can be automatically altered to gradually reduce or increase the angular opening of the shutter. This was a rather fortunate occurrence because it permitted the mechanical engineers to replace the ball bearings of the camera mechanism with solid ones thus eliminating the clicking noises which are unavoidable in the former. The solid bearings do not allow the same ease and lightness of running as the ball bearings, but this becomes of little or no importance because the motor drive eliminates the possibility of tiresome and uneven "cranking" of the camera. Camera Shutter From the earliest days of cinematography, the motion picture camera shutter has consisted of a rotating disk placed between the camera lens and the film aperture. The mission of the shutter is to interrupt the light transmitted by the photographic lens during the periods the film is in motion, while an open sector permits the exposure being made while the film is stationary. In the early cameras the angular opening of the shutter was of 120°, or thereabouts, which permitted the exposure of each picture frame for 1/48 of a second when the camera was run at the normal speed of 16 pictures per second. Through intelligent and precise design of the intermittent mechanism of the camera, it has been possible to increase the angular opening of the shutter up to 170° which increases considerably the useful amount of light transmitted by the lens. The only camera known to the writer which departs from the disc system of shutter is the Akeley camera, designed for taking motion pictures of wild animal life. This camera is of circular shape and its shutter consists of a curtain running around its interior periphery. An opening in the curtain permits the image formed by the photo