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EVOLUTION OF PROFESSIONAL CAMERA 73
cameras made in France, and the Newman Sinclair made in England have been equipped with focusing attachments reaching the same effect as those of American manufacture.
Fig. IS
Bell y Howell Standard 35 mm. Camera, as Equipped for Sound Cinematography. Note 1000-ft. magazine and fabric belt with tension equalizer. Footage meter is attached directly to crankshaft to allow synchronous motor to be connected to the shutter dissolve barrel (stop motion) shaft.
Film Magazines
The most striking departure from European models, was perhaps the conception of American engineers of designing the film magazines.
In cameras of French design, these were mostly built in two units, one holding the raw film and the other serving as receptacle for the camera case. The latter method is the one most followed by European camera designers to this day.
The Bell & Howell Company introduced in America the double compartment magazine with special traps which would automatically open when closing the camera door and thus permit the film to leave the magazine and enter it after exposure without being submitted to unnecessary friction and all the evils proceeding from it.
One of the interesting problems which confronted the motion picture mechanical engineers was the necessity of compensating the gradual diminishing of speed of rotation of the film take-up spindle of the magazine, due to the increase of diameter of the film role, with the increase of film length being wound, while the film is fed to the camera mechanism at a constant speed.
This problem was solved in some European cameras, in which the feeding and the take-up magazines are set side by side, by design