Copyright term, film labeling, and film preservation legislation : hearings before the Subcommittee on Courts and Intellectual Property of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, first session, on H.R. 989, H.R. 1248, and H.R. 1734 ... June 1 and July 13, 1995 (1996)

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394 ■imply add to the social costs of aonopoly that users of the copyrighted culture must already endure."" To accord more protection without hard evidence that the benefits outweigh the costs would thus amount to an indefensible subsidy at a time when the cause of regulatory reform dictates more, not less, emphasis on competition. Other industries could heurdly be blamed for seeking comparable protectionist cushions of their o%m. Contrary to the facile predictions of some, moreover, I believe that protecting corporate productions for ninety-five years could have uncertain, and possibly negative, effects on the long-term balance of trade. True, some domestic publishers whose employee-works become subject to the rule of the shorter term in foreign markets might benefit from the longer term at home because application of that rule turns in part on the continued existence of copyright protection in the country of origin."** It remains equally true, however, that most U.S. works made for hire (including computer programs) that are treated as corporate productions — rather than as the works of recognizable authors amd artists — in the European Community, whether under copyright or the neighboring rights laws, would themselves become subject to the E.G. Directive's own rule of the shorter term, based on a '" See, e.g.. Karjala et al. . suora note 67, at 532-33; supra note 102. "** See supra text accompanying notes 47-50.