Copyright term, film labeling, and film preservation legislation : hearings before the Subcommittee on Courts and Intellectual Property of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, first session, on H.R. 989, H.R. 1248, and H.R. 1734 ... June 1 and July 13, 1995 (1996)

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606 product. "Viewpoints," New York Times. January 17, 1993, at Sec. 3, p. 13. The EU and the European Free Trade Area states collectively conduct about 40% of all world trade. Jehoram, Grelen and Smulders, The Law of the E.E.C. and Copyright, in Geller, International Copyright Law and Practice. ยง 1 at EEC-3 (1990) . The EU established a single internal market effective January 1, 1993. Among the barriers to that single market โ€” barriers which must be eliminated โ€” were the different substantive provisions of each member state's copyright laws. The most fundamental difference among those national copyright laws was the variation in copyright term. All EU members are also members of the Berne Convention, and so adhere to Berne's minimum required term of life of the author plus 50 years. But that term is only a minimum โ€” Berne members are free to adopt longer terms, and certain, but not all, EU members did so. Thus, for example, Belgium, Italy, Netherlands and the United Kingdom have a basic term of life-plus-50-years; Spain has a basic term of life-plus-60-years; and Germany has a basic term of life-plus-70-years. France protects most works for the basic term of life-plus-50-years, but musical works are accorded an extended post mortem term of 70 years. These differences in term were seen to impede the free movement of goods and services, and to distort -4