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THE FILM SINCE THEN
their own cinemas is guaranteed, and they are building up a substantial non-theatrical circulation. Special reference here is needed to the development of the animated cartoon and trick, puppet and model films in Czechoslovakia, especially the group of technicians gathered round Trnka. These short films, mostly made in Agfacolor, have a freshness of ideas and a degree of imagination long-wanted in this highly-specialised branch of film-making, where Disney and George Pal have too long held their own. Working in Prague and at Zlin, the Czechs have certainly discovered a new standard of beauty and inventiveness, sometimes undershot with satire, in their drawn cartoons and their model films. Their delicacy and good taste make the American product look pretty gaudy and second-hand. In all, the Czechoslovak Film Industry has made a remarkable recovery since the Occupation ; it has the facilities and the personnel to become a major production centre in the new Europe.
Among other countries to restart production, Poland is so far in an early stage with its Film Industry under the direction of a State controlled company, Film Polski. Lacking experienced technicians and equipment (there was little production of importance before the war), two or three feature films have already been made, of which Leonard Buczkovski's Forbidden Songs, a story of Warsaw under Nazi occupation, is said to be the most interesting. Polish documentary, as yet finding its feet, has produced several very uneven films, slow in tempo, among which the best have been Locomotive, Poland's West and The Salt Mines of Wielieczka. In Yugoslavia, ambitious plans are beginning to mature for a State Film Industry, which means starting from scratch for there was no pre-war production. The only film shown outside Yugoslavia so far was Youth Railway, which, despite all its crudities and technical immaturity, had an exuberance that reminded one of the early Soviet films. As with all these young nationalised industries, it is too early as yet to see how they will shape. They have enthusiasm and skill; some have
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