International photographer (Jan-Dec 1934)

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February, 1934 The INTERNATIONAL PHOTOGRAPH KK Tweni v-one MINIATURE CAMERAS AND PHOTOGRAPHY (Continued front Page 5) merit, but the photographer must bear in mind that the selection of a single formula for continued use is recommended. In this manner we become acquainted with a definite developer, in relation to its behavior under various temperatures, and the manner in which it develops different films. To date, paraphenylene-diamine looms as the most efficient grain eliminator. It is a known fact that the lower the reduction potential of a reducing agent (developer) the greater is its ability to produce fine-grained images. By reduction potential is meant its ability to attack the silver halide and reduce it to metallic silver. Some developers perform this action quicker than others. Dr. V. B. Sease of the DuPont Film Co. has outlined the reduction potential of the more common developers as follows: Paraphenylene-diamine 0.3 Hydroquinone 1.0 Glvcin 1.6 Metol, Rhodol, etc ' 20.0 Amidol 30.0 You will notice that of all those listed paraphenyldiamine has the lowest reduction potential and is therefore capable of producing the finest grain. Results substantiate this fact. Negatives developed in paraphenylenediamine are capable of yielding prints as large as 11 by 14 inches without grain being visible in the print. Formulas for this developer have been included in an article on miniature photography in the October of INTERNATIONAL PHOTOGRAPHER. Its importance however demands that they should be stated again for the benefit of those who may have overlooked them at that time. Two popular formulas are recommended, the first to be used for normally exposed negatives, and the second which produces a finer grain, requires that the negative receive twice normal exposure. Paraphenylene-diamine Developer, Formula No. I Paraphenylene-diamine 90 grains Sodium Sulphite 450 grains Borax 255 grains Tri-basic Sodium Phosphate 210 grains Water 16 ounces Paraphenylene-diamine Developer, Formula No. 2 Paraphenylene-diamine 72 grains Sodium Sulphite 420 grains Water 16 ounces Developing time : 30 minutes at 68 F. Dissolve the paraphenylene-diamine in hot water about 180 F. and when dissolved add the sulphite. The borax and tri-basic sodium phosphate is added after the sulphite has dissolved. Paraphenylene-diamine is usually found to be deficient in contrast with some of the modern super-speed emulsions. It is recommended by many that glycin be added to "pep" up the devoper. The following is a satisfactory paraphenylene-diamine glycin formula : Paraphenylene-diamine 10 grams Sodium Sulphite 90 grams Glycin 1 gram Water to make 1 liter Developing time : 20 minutes at 68 F. Paraphenylene-diamine formulas should be freshly prepared because this developer does not keep well upon standing. JnLere's what an EYEMO can do! The Bell & Howell Eyemo 35 mm. hand camera doesn't know the word "impossible." Here are some of its "tricks" — with many more in the bag. 1. Spring motor, electric motor, or handcrank drive provides correct film speed for adding sound. Finder objectives can be etched to show sound picture area. 2. Stand for animation, film slides, titles, etc., mounting Eyemo with single frame exposure device, is available. 3. Precision alignment gauge and prismatic magnifier are available for title and scientific work. 4. Trigger Tripping Unit is available for automatic filming of wild animals. (As used by Martin Johnson.) 5. Special motor and auxiliary shutter are available to make single frame exposures at fixed intervals. Used in photographing recording instruments, and also in aerial mapping. (Sir Hubert Wilkins is using a special Mapping Eyemo over the South Polar ice cap, saving many precious pounds in film and equipment.) Let us tell you how the Eyemo Camera can be adapted to your special problems. BELL & HOWELL COMPANY 1849 Larchmont Ave., Chicago; 11 West 42nd St., New York; 716 North La Brea Ave., Hollywood; 320 Regent St., London (B & H Co., Ltd.). Estab. 1907. Please mention The International Photographer when corresponding with advertisers.