International photographer (Jan-Dec 1934)

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Twenty-two T h INTERNATIONAL PHOTOGRAPHER July, 1934 NEW KLIEGLICHT OF REVOLUTIONARY DESIGN PROVES SUCCESSFUL AND HIGHLY EFFICIENT Framing Shutter horizontal By Herbert A. Kliegl* Development Engineer and Vice President of Kliegl Bros. Electric Stage Lighting Co., Inc., New York. Universal ILIEGLIGHTS have always played an import" ant role in the development of motion pictures. The original "Klieglights" were the first successful artificial lighting units which made possible the taking of motion pictures, in studios, without dependence on sunlight. They were arc lamps, introduced many years ago. Later, with the advent of sound pictures, noiseless incandescent units were evolved. Always in step with the advance of the industry, the Company has steadily developed improved units as new requirements have arisen. The present demand for still greater lighting efficiency and more flexible units is answered by the presentation of this entirely new Klieglight, which is a radical departure from anything heretofore produced, and of such a decided improvement, it has been prophesized that it will completely change present methods of studio lighting. It offers the highest efficiency ever achieved in lighting units of its kind — being several times more efficient than arc or conventional incandescent units of the same wattage. This distinctively new type of theatre and studio lighting unit, is the result of revolutionary discoveries made while experimenting with different types of reflectors preliminary to the construction of lighting units to meet the extreme conditions and exacting requirements for lighting the Radio City Theatres, New York, in 1932. Then followed more than two years of intensive research and development work which brought forth this new Klieglight, decidedly different from its progenitors, based on entirely new principles, now perfected in every detail — and said to be one of the most remarkably advanced units for lighting that has been produced within the past ten years. Its Lighting Efficiency Its working range is any distance up to 250 ft. The light is absolutely uniform throughout the illuminated area — and its intensity may be varied by a simple adjustment of the lenses — without affecting its uniformity of distribution, and without the necessity of using dimmers. The shape of the light beam can be instantly adjusted to any desired pattern — round, square, triangular, rectilinear, semi-circular, etc. of innumerable dimensions — from a pin point to full lens opening — by an arrangement of iris and framing shutters with which it is provided. It thus affords a range, variety, and simplicity of controls that have never been so practically provided heretofore. At a demonstration witnessed by Motion Picture Engineers at their recent convention at Atlantic City, its remarkable efficiency was shown by comparative tests performed at the meeting. The test was made with the present standard Kliegl 8-inch studio spotlight, and the new Klieglight, side by side, both units using 2000-watt biplane filament lamps; for both floodlight and spotlighting, with a 20 ft. spread and a 5 ft. spot projecting the light a distance of 55 ft. Measurements of the lighted area were taken with a Weston Footcandle meter, by Mr. Meli of the Westinghouse Company, who is the inventor of the Biplane filament. Average readings indicated that the standard spotlight projected a flood of 11 ft. candles and a spot of 24 ft. candles, whereas the Klieglight projected 32 ft. candles and 70 ft. candles under the same conditions — proving conclusively the new unit to be considerably more efficient in light output than the formerly accepted standard unit — truly a remarkable improvement, offering great economic advantages, as well as the greater flexibility and more perfectly controlled lighting arrangements it affords. Interesting Details In design, the reflector employs the ellipsoidal principle of light reflection — which assures a maximum pick up of light. It is a G. R. C. rhodium metal reflector, resulting from experimentation and a new discovery in metallurgy. It is formed by an electro chemical process, using certain proportions of gold, rhodium, and copper, to produce a durable, permanent reflector with an exceptionally high reflection factor — and a surface that will not chip, peel, or tarnish under any condition of heat or weather. In their manufacture, absolute accuracy of light control was also obtained, to a far greater extent than is possible by any spinning or casting process — also a firstsurface everlastingly brilliant finish that assures continuously high efficiency over a long period of time. The surface of the reflector has a reflection factor of approximately 74 'y and it will withstand the excessive heat generated by concentrated filament lamps. During the period of development, certain difficulties were experienced in adapting high candle power lamps to the reflector principally because the large filaments apparently were not sufficiently concentrated to permit precise control of the light rays — but it was found that by facing the broad side of the filament toward the sides of the reflector rather than toward the lens — we obtained a pick up of approximately 90 rv of the total output of the filament — and that all the light emitted could be directed by the reflector into the lens system. Approximately 40 '( more light was obtained with the filament facing Please mention The International Photographer when corresponding with advertisers.