International photographer (Jan-Dec 1934)

Eighteen Th INTERNATIONAL PHOTOGRAPHER November, 1934 in this, various adjustable magnifiers are on the market which attach to the baseboard of the easel. A novel device is known as the Focusing Microscope, and is actually a tiny microscope, below the lens of which is mounted a tiny reflecting mirror. The unit is mounted upon a stand, and the whole unit, in use, is placed upon the easel. The negative in the enlarger is projected upon the easel as if it were about to be focused, and the microscope placed in a suitable position so that a portion of the projected image is caught by the reflecting mirror of the microscope unit. The enlarger lens is then focused until the grain of the negative is brought into sharp focus in the microscope. Greater sharpness cannot possibly be obtained ! The lens is now sharply focused, and the microscope is removed, a sheet of enlarging paper placed in the easel, and the print made. A valuable piece of equipment for the amateur who does any amount of enlarging, and wants to get the sharpest possible results in his prints ! WESTERBERC IS BACK The Author of The Cinematographer's Book of Tables Is At It Again Here is another table to bind into your Cinematographer's ring book and others are to follow in the December and January International Photographer. This one is entitled, "Camera Speed Increased." Mr. Westerberg's first book has met with great success and, if you haven't secured your copy, better lose no time calling on or writing your dealer. It costs only $1.00 and will help you make better pictures. A dandy Christmas gift for your pal on the job. CAMERA SPEEDS CAMERA SPEED INCREASED < on < »/i < UJ U < o Uj < t O < > < > z < LLI Qi l/> o X ^ • =3 < O LU a. c* X > Q — UJ I— I/O <■ 1/1 _J "J UJ C£ ~ X Cear-Box Ratio Required When Cranked at 16 « CM OS) CO ^f -' « vo QO on o r^ LO VO Relative Camera Speed ~ " -;' CM CM « m O 00 =■ ° Q U.I ,/! >■ —J < u < < > u. o psi 00 r>i o vo iri o 00 a UJ LU Q. < a 51<7 U< ( l/> KTt Zi'Z. oo Q. 3* tt -1 z < > a UJ vo 00 o CM CM CM vo CM oo CM „ CM ro ^1 VJ3 CO o u, VO O CO CM vO CM X CM CM vO o -1 T VO ON CM VO LO VO •O 30 C I CM vo o vO a\ CM vo vo vO co 1^. o 00 O CM " vO -\ vo ON ^O Ps. o 00 o ON CM On 00 O CO VO CM vo O. o 00 CM On OO On CM o\ VO o vo o 00 o C i ~ CO On VO -f o o O 00 ..'■ ON vO o vo evj CM CO CM CM vo VO o a 00 vo ON vO o CV] vo CM CM ro CM CM vO CM oo CM CM On CM o CM CO o ro O CO m ro Relative Exposure Shutter Opening Constant ° in o vo oo CO CO i O CM ON tv. 2 CM ON Camera Speed in Pictures Per Second s to ° y. -r vo CM o oo vO ON CD CM JC CM O O CM CM vO Exposure is always a troublesome business in enlarging, for the exposure varies not only with different papers, but also with each new adjustment of the lens diaphragm and magnification of the image. The old reliable method of determining the correct exposure for any given negative without wasting an entire sheet of paper is to cut one sheet of paper in narrow strips, saving them for testing purposes. When a doubtful negative is about to be enlarged, one of these strips is placed on the easel and the image projected upon it, and the approximate time guessed by the worker. On developing the test strip, one quickly sees whether his guess was correct or not, and the next time makes the necessary allowances. As in critical focusing, there is a special device available which eliminates the test strip method completely. The device is known as the Largodrem, and is an electrical gadiet which tells at a glance the correct exposure for any given enlarging paper. And by the way, a table giving the relative speeds of the most popular printing papers may be obtained by writing to Photo Utilities, Inc., 152 West 42nd St., New York City. Such a table has a multitude of uses, and this one is one of the very few published and made available. Once the correct exposure has been determined, it becomes necessary to count out the seconds during the exposure. One of the Timing Clocks, such as offered by Eastman and others, will be found useful in order to measure the correct timing of the print. If the worker likes automatic devices, there is one for even this task — an electrical device on which a pointer is set to any number of seconds for which the correct exposure calls. A button is pressed, and automatically the enlarger lamp is lighted, and shut off after the exact time interval indicated. For serious projection printing, a foot peddle is by all means recommended, for by means of it the light is turned on or shut off without the use of the hands. The hands are often needed for careful dodging and manipulation during the exposure, and it is a positive nuisance to have to snap or twist a button to turn the light on or off. Foot peddles are often made to suit the user at home, but they may also be purchased, ready made. En'arging, or projection printing, if you will, is a delightful pastime. Equipment can be as simple or elaborate as the worker desires. The manner in which the available equipment is used is what counts, of course, and in this sense, the human element is very much in evidence. Don't envy the maker of salon prints — you can do the same kind of printing if you apply the few simple rules that are suggested. By careful dodging, trimming, shading, etc., masterpieces can be made for form right before your every eyes under the enlarger. But you must be master of your equipment. In this article only a few of the important considerations have been touched upon. Further details are to be found in books such as "How to Make Good Pictures," "How to Make Enlargements," by Fraprie and Hammond, etc. General hints and suggestions have been scattered through this article, and the keen reader will have picked them up readily enough. I might mention that a number of points mentioned are but little known to average amateurs, and it is hoped that they will he the means of producing better results with the enlarger. WYCKOFF TO MEXICO Alvin Wyckoff, ex-president of the International Protographers, Local 659, has gone to the City of Mexico for a sojourn of several months, during which time he will act as chief cinematographer for a Mexican motion picture production corporation. Both Mr. Wyckoff and his employers are to be congratulated upon the new connection.