International photographer (Jan-Dec 1941)

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coIor wrrh kodAChRONE The author of this article, writing under the pseudonym of Burr McGregor, is a well known cameraman. He invites any questions on this subject. (Editorial Note. I At least, once in your experience, you have stopped to gaze upon the depth and beauty of a colorful scene, or, perhaps it was one of those sublime moments, just before the close of day, when Nature seemed to stop for a moment to paint the sunlit sky in golden hues, blending off into soft pastel shades of bluish-purple, as the golden orb gently dipped below a dark silhouetted ridge of a distant mountain range, pink-tinting soft cloud edges into myriad hues of color mystery; and while you beheld this farewell to a day, you bowed your little self before this grand requiem of panorama, regretting your camera was loaded with a film that could only record this passing display in tones of gray: the more regretful, because thereafter, you could only recall this phenomenon in memory, it would never be repeated the same. It is such a show, and others of less grandeur, that have intensified the increasing color-mindedness of aspiring color fans to the awakening of their artistic souls. There is romance in color photography! Its fascinating appeal has stimulated competitive expression from almost every commercial and entertaining activity of thought throughout the civilized world. The invention of Kodachrome has opened unlimited possibilities to the realm of scientific research for analytical study, resulting in discoveries of untold benefits to mankind and his progress. Great commercial enterprises employ this product, because of the fidelity of color rendering, to educate potential purchasers of the excellence of their merchandise and to influence greater trade demands. This medium of color has become one of the most influential factors of education ; unconscious education, due to the color penetrating to the mind to leave a lasting impression more impressive than the monochrome picture, or written word. A correct rendition of distant places, and strange people, are brought into home circles, as well as the auditorium, with a penetrating fact of truth. To the thirsting mind for knowledge it has created a source of educational entertainment, revealing hidden secrets of scientific lore. It is to the serious minded amateur photographer that Kodachrome has opened the vast fields of romantic adventure: fields of unlimited opportunity for the cultivation and expression of his artistic instinct to analyze color composition. The entire realm of animate, and inanimate life, is spread out ready to parade before his camera in an unending procession of enchanting color mystery, limited only by his creative genius to record with unerring fidelity. Kodachrome. is the unfailing companion of travelers, trusting its collective power to faithfully reproduce the panoramic views, and incidents, of their wandering experiences with a perpetual record of the romances, and adventures, that have dropped behind them to be brought forth again and again and vividly re-lived in resurrected memory. No other contribution to the science of photography has become so popular or can produce such faithful color reproduction for so little expense and mental effort. PROCESSJNQ kodAChROME In a lecture at the Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, on December 28, Dr. C. E. K. Mees, Vice-President in Charge of Research and Development for the Eastman Kodak Company, disclosed that Kodachrome film is now processed by a method different from that employed when it was first brought out in 1935. The method is quickei than that originally used, better quality results are secured, and there ;s less risk of damage to the film because it i> handled fewer times in the processing. Kodachrome film carries three superimposed sensitive layers. The top layer responds to blue light, the middle layer to green, arid the bottom to red. In exposure, three-color separations are thus effected in the depth of the film coating. When the 16 film is processed, positive images of dye are formed in each of the three layers. The film is first developed to give a black negative silver image in all layers, and is then redeveloped by the so-called reversal process in special developers which produce the positive dye images. The color of the image in a particular layer is complementary to that of the light by which the layer was exposed; that is, the image in the bottom layer is processed to give a blue-green (or cyan) dye, that in the middle layer to a magenta dye, and that in the top layer to a yellow dye. One of the most ingenious aspects of Kodachrome processing lies in the method by which the three different dyes are produced and confined to the lavers to which By burr McGregor The ardent photographic devotee who has experienced the satisfaction of ordinary photographic reproduction need not hesitate to venture into the realm of color with Kodachrome in his camera. His experiences in black and white photography will be to his advantage, and his results will be infinitely more pleasing; he will learn that color is the contrast he should seek. Many aspirants have hestitated to venture forth into color photography because of a false mystery with which it has been expounded, as well as a prohibitive expense experiment: True, the expense is a trifle more than that of black and white, and the thoughtful effort must be more painstaking, but the results, and that is what counts in any effort, are extremely gratifying. There are "candid" cameras on the market retailing at only a few dollars with which excellent results can be obtained by the careful student-operator. Color reproductions have been created with such cameras that have equaled exhibition quality, and have returned dividends, not only of pleasurable satisfaction, but gratifying in cash. Clean, clear enlargements are successfully reproduced from Kodachrome transparencies without loss of detail, or a trace of unpleasant grain. Reproductions from the original color to black and white monochrome, of commercial quality, is accomplished with ease. The enthusiasts who yearns for movie action, with his 8mm. or 16 mm. camera, can enjoy raptures of delight through the reproduction of scenes, and objects, as they flash over the projection screen in faithful shades of soft pastel, or brilliant sharp colors of reminiscent experiences. they belong. The dyes are produced by using so-called "coupler developers," in which the image is developed to black silver which is produced in association with a dye. The color of the dye can be determined by properly selecting the components of the developer. In the early method of processing Kodachrome, the colors were confined to their proper layers in the following manner: After negative development, the silver was bleached and the remaining silver bromide redeveloped as in the reversal process to give silver and cyan dye in all three layers. By a process of controlled diffusion, the dye in the two upper layers was destroyed, and the silver in these layers reconverted to silver halide. The two upper layers were then developed