International projectionist (Oct 1931-Sept 1933)

Record Details:

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OCT 20 1931 INTERNATIONAL PROJECTIONIST NUMBER 1 VOLUME I OCTOBER 1931 PRACTICAL HINTS ON EVERYDAY PROJECTION PROBLEMS Harry Rubin DIRECTOR OF PROJECTION, PUBLIX THEATRES CORPORATION PICTURES should be projected without vibration, and should be sufficiently — and evenly — illuminated, without brown corners or dark centers. The draw curtains should close in exact time with the ending of each film, the music properly finished on final note. At the beginning of each subject the title should show on closed curtains which are then immediately opened. A blank screen should be carefully avoided. The importance of careful timing, in this work should be strongly emphasized because it is this exactness which adds greatly to the effectiveness of the program. As one of the audience, you should not be able to distinguish the various change-overs between reels in a multiple reel subject. Both the picture and sound change-overs should be smoothly made. Any one of the foregoing faults mentioned, if seen on your screen, indicates possible defects in your projection. Screen Illumination For instance, vibration may be caused by insufficient tension, shrunken film, loops which are too short, emulsion deposits in film traps or tension springs, bent intermittent shaft, bent sprocket or teeth, accumulated dirt on face of intermittent sprocket, or by transmitted vibration from motor or movietone attachment, by unstable projector base or projection room floor. A careful check should be made to determine the origin of the vibration. The amount of illumination depends upon: The type of arc used. The make of carbons. The current consumed at the arc. The setting of carbons. The width of shutter blades. Diameter of condensers — Lenses and reflectors. Condition of condensers — Lenses and reflectors. The optical line-up. The length of throw and size of picture. Obviously the projectionist does not have control over all of these factors, but if he shows an interest in his work, he can assist materially in maintaining screen illumination at a maximum value. Even illumination is obtained by having the proper optical line-up of the arc, the condensers, reflectors and objective lenses, also by carrying a sufficiently large spot on the aperture to avoid brown corners on screen. Defective carbons may vary in composition or structure, or may chip off, or have faulty cores, all of which results in uneven illumination. Constant attention of the projectionist during the burning of the carbons is necessary, in order to maintain a proper adjustment of the arc. Proper Change-Overs Poor change-overs may be caused by film being missing from ends of reels — this will eliminate a portion of the sound if film-recorded; by projectionist taking the wrong cues to start motor or on film change-over; by throwing the fader over too soon or too late; by failing to take [9] the proper number of "turns down" before starting; by slow pick-up of incoming projector, or by improper working of change-over shutter. Poor change-over, starting out of focus or out of frame, destroy the illusion which is being created by the picture and distract the attention of the patrons. Interruptions of any nature reduce the entertainment value of the picture. Inspection Routine To prevent interruptions or reduce them to the minimum and to insure good projection, all film should be inspected for loose splices and other defects before projection. All projectors, lamps, and sound equipment should be regularly and systematically cleaned and inspected. This inspection should determine if the proper tensions and adjustments are maintained throughout the projector mechanisms. If tension of the film is too tight, the film is likely to break; if idler rollers are not properly adjusted, the film will run off sprockets or loose Harry Rubin