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THE CINEMA IN TEACHING
EDUCATIONAL POSSIBILITIES OF MOTION PICTURES IN ART COURSES
By Elias Katz.
THE widespread use of motion pictures is the next progressive step in art education. So flexible are the objectives in art courses, and so well adapted are films to their satisfactory fulfilment, that it is merely a matter of time before the inevitable becomes actual.
However, let us not suppose that, overnight and of their own accord, films will become truly valuable educational aids in the countless school rooms where the study of art is daily increasing in importance. Many obstacles, many problems must first be overcome or solved. The groundwork must be logically and intelligently performed, so that future development may proceed from a sure foundation of thoughtfully considered facts.
Since we are necessarily destined to a period of much good and much bad investigation, our advantageous position at the opening of this period demands that we analyze the present situation, and then utilize the knowledge thus gained to formulate a comprehensive program for the future. The former course will clarify the usual misconceptions and will crystallize the general trend until now ; the latter will set up definite, tentative goals pointing towards the most beneficial, immediate and ultimate results.
A preliminary study of the field of art educational films raises several problems which must be solved at once. First, we must know whether there are any films which have been used, or which can be used for this purpose. Secondly, we should be able to state the minimal essentials of a good
educational film. Next, we should know how art courses are presented, so that proper films may be suggested for use in them. Finally, some device must be developed, indicating precisely how art students react to the films they see.
These may be briefly stated as follows :
(I) where are available films located?
(II) how may films be objectively evaluated ?
(III) how may the effect of films be clearly measured ?
(IV) how may art courses be analyzed?
(V) what films lend themselves to use in art courses ?
Naturally these are not the only or most important queries. However, as the following paragraphs will try to show, an understanding of their meaning and significance is essential to proper perspective and true insight.
(I) Contrary to the usual belief, it was found that several types of films had been created for art classes. Also other types were discovered which might lend themselves to such use.
1 . The Models in Motion are a method for stimulating drawing (1). In each reel,
(1) Developed in America by Charles Woodbury and Elizabeth W. Perkins of Boston, and produced by Eastman Teaching Films Inc., Rochester, New York. Substantially the same method is described and illustrated by M. Adrien Bruneau of l'Ecole Nationale des Arts Decoratifs. in " Bulletin de 1'Institut Psychologique ", 1920-21.