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40 LOYD A. JONES [j. s. M. P. E.
(a) Less than full length, semi-close-up type (6) Full length figures, medium distance type
III. Three to five-figure compositions
(a) Less than full length, semi-close-up type
(b) Full length figures, medium distance type
IV. Six to ten-figure compositions
(a) Full lengths, medium distance type V. Ten to twenty-five-figure compositions (a) Medium distance type (6) Semi-long shot type
VI. More than twenty-five-figure compositions (a) Medium distance type (6) Long shot type
VII. Landscape, exterior long shots with architectural element or figure group, and compositions of miscellaneous character in which human figures are entirely absent or occupy subordinate or inconspicuous positions, generally of the semi-long shot or long shot type.
In Table I are shown the values of ratio for the compositions which fall in the subdivisions of the single-figure compositions. At the bottom of each column is given the mean value and below that the number of compositions in the group. The number of observations in each of these groups is insufficient to warrant the plotting of a frequency curve. While theoretically the use of the arithmetical mean in work of this kind is not a particularly satisfactory way of arriving at a definite conclusion as to the predominant characteristic of the group, it seems to be the only method available where the number of observations is so limited. In case there is more than one maximum in the frequency distribution this effect will be masked by taking the arithmetical mean. For instance, it is evident from an inspection of Fig. 3 that had a straight arithmetical average been made the true distribution of frequency as a function of ratio would have been obscured. The use of the arithmetical mean, however, in the case of rather homogeneous groups, such as are obtained by the classification of compositions into distinct types, seems to be a fairly satisfactory method of obtaining some idea as to the predominant shape factor. It will be noted that the ratio decreases from the I (a) toward the I (c) grouping. This of course is a logical consequence when composition factors are considered.
In Table II are given the ratio values obtained for the two-figure compositions and the three to five-figure compositions. The values obtained for the II (a) group are fairly homogeneous and a single arithmetical mean seems to be a satisfactory indication of character