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THE OPTICAL PROBLEMS OF WIDE FILM MOTION
PICTURES
W. B. RAYTON*
The employment of film wider than the standard 35 mm. seems imminent. No one can say whether we will have to deal with one size or several, but, however that question may be settled, the difficulties encountered in designing adequate optical systems are of the same kind in all cases but differ in degree with the variations in width of film and size of projected image. It seems probable that they are of sufficient interest to this Society to justify a brief statement of them and of the degree to which we have been able to meet the requirements.
It will probably not be out of place first to set forth the reasons which are impelling the industry to take a step involving such drastic changes in equipment while it is still struggling with conversion of equipment to permit sound pictures to be made and reproduced. While there may be other reasons, there are two, at least, discoverable by a brief consideration of sound pictures. The first rests on the fact that in the sound-on-film processes part of the area formerly available for the picture now has to be given up for the sound track. The second reason rests on the possibilities inherent in sound pictures which were lacking in the silent pictures of presenting entertainment more of the nature of spoken drama of the stage. Although the second of these conditions leads to a demand for a larger picture area, the first results in an actual decrease in picture area.
As soon as speech was added to the picture it was found that the picture area did not allow enough characters to be included in a scene if the projected images were to appear large enough to be commensurate with a sufficient volume of sound. The effect of a series of conversations between two or three characters appearing in a small, practically square frame in the remote distance is dis
* Scientific Bureau, Bausch & Lomb Optical Co. 60