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66 A. S. HowELL AND J. A. DUBRAY [j. s. M. P. E.
bilities than the "Economic" in the matter of refinement of execution, and lends itself to a more spectacular presentation of pictures. The expenditure involved in the adoption of this dimension as standard would be far greater, perhaps three times the expenditure necessitated by the adoption of the "Economic."
The "Extreme" is so designated because its adoption would involve extreme expenditure of time and money in its development. It would require perhaps four to five times the expenditure involved in the "Economic," and it would present extreme, perhaps excessive abuses in exploitation without accomplishing any great advantage over the "Economic."
Fig. 3 shows, in one illustration, for the purpose of comparison, the three dimensions and their characteristics together with the standard film in use today. The most apparent features which are common to each of the three proposed dimensions are:
1. The sides of the rectangular images are in all instances in the ratio of 3 to 5 in opposition to the 3 to 4 ratio in force according to the present standards, and also in opposition to the 3 to 3.5 ratio of the present standard 35 mm. sound-on-film pictures.
2. The position of the sound record is outside of the film perforations.
3. The dimensions of the perforations are the same for the three proposed dimensions and are equal to those of the standards in force.
4. The rectangular perforation with rounded corners is recommended for both negative and positive films.
The proposed dimensions differ from the existing standards in that the over-all width of the films and of the picture frames is greater than the same dimensions adopted for the standard 35 mm. film. In the case of the "Spectacular" and the "Extreme," the height of the image is increased so as to answer the condition of the 3 to 5 ratio between the sides of the image area. These dimensions will be analyzed in detail later on in the course of this paper.
It will be noticed that the pitch and all other dimensions of the film perforation have been kept equal to the standard 35 mm. in force at the present time. This feature permits reducing to a minimum the problem of sprocket design for all motion picture machinery and permits the industry to take full advantage of the knowledge it possesses of the behavior of film in regard to shrinkage. This laboriously acquired knowledge has formed the basis of long,