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Jan., 1930] WlDK FlLM STANDARDS 71
graphed simultaneously with a battery of cameras, equipped with lenses of different focal lengths. This arrangement permits the taking of all long shots and close-ups with a single setting of microphones and simultaneously synchronizes all the picture records on a single sound record.
The cameras equipped with the shorter focal length lenses which are used for the photographing of the "long shots" are more concerned with the width of the object than with its height. Vice versa, the cameras equipped with the lenses of longer focal length and used for the taking of the close-ups are more concerned with the height than with the width of the object. In other words, the long shot cameras photograph the ambient, while the close-up cameras photograph the performers.
For the long shots, and for reasons previously expressed, lenses of a focal length greater than those in use for the 35 mm. standard will prove more adaptable in the photographing on larger area films, since they produce better perspective and a better relation between the size of the figures and the ambient. On the other hand, it must be borne in mind that the height of the proposed wide films is either the same as that of the standard 35 mm. film or not increased proportionately to the increase of their width. Therefore, in the photographing of close-ups, where only the height of the subject is to be considered, practically to the exclusion of its width, and where the height is to be determined only by a sense of pictorial composition, lenses of the same, or nearly the same, focal length as those in use with 35 mm. film will answer the cinematographer's requirements.
The practical range of focal lengths used with the standard 35 mm. film varies from 35 mm. to 150 mm. In order to obtain the same image width in the long shot and the same composition of figures in regard to height in the close-ups, lenses of the following approximate range of focal lengths will be used for the larger area images:
47 mm. to 150 mm. for the "Economic" 55 mm. to 190 mm. for the "Spectacular" 70 mm. to 233 mm. for the "Extreme"
The advantages derived from the use of a smaller range of focal lengths in photographing the different scenes pertaining to the same sequence are too obvious to be enumerated in detail. We may, however, remark that^the smaller the range of focal lengths, the