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320 WILLIAM STULL [J. s. M. p. E.
or electrical methods earlier mentioned. In the variable area systems, the same general procedure may be followed, but there is an additional possibility, as well. The entire optical assembly may be gradually decentered with respect to the film, gradually reducing the magnitude of the serrated edges of the sound track to their mean level. If this be done, moving the assembly to the left, for instance, and at the same time shielding the right-hand side of the track from exposure, the other half of the dissolve may be effected by similarly moving the assembly in from the right, and stopping it when centered. So far as is known, this latter possibility has not as yet been tried in actual production, though it is considered quite feasible from the theoretical standpoint.
For the disk systems, lap-dissolves still present a serious problem. Maintaining proper synchronism is difficult, and it is highly improbable that the two scenes could be recorded directly over each other successfully. Therefore, the general practice of organizations using disk recording exclusively is to make all lap-dissolves and fades with the optical printer. However, where the equipment permits, the most likely way to secure these effects without the use of "dupes" is through the use of a film-recording process, and subsequent re-recording onto the disk. Another possibility is the use of two separate disks. The first is used until the fade-out is complete — the volume being reduced electrically. The second is used with the second scene of the pair; the photographic film having been rewound to the original starting point of the first scene, after which it is run, with the shutter closed, synchronously with the new record, to the point at which the second half of the lap begins, whereupon both picture and sound are faded in, and the scene continued as usual. The two partial records can then be processed, and re-recorded onto a third and final one. A third possible method is quite similar as regards the making of the first record. This is then processed, and played through a loudspeaker on the set, while the camera runs, with shutter closed, synchronously with the record, which is being re-recorded by properly placed microphones. At the proper place, the camera shutter may be opened, and the other microphones about the set gradually energized to record the action of the second scene.
A variant of this method has been used in the recording of large scenes, especially those representing theatrical performances. The vocal part of the scene is first recorded, under acoustically perfect conditions. The film or disk of this record is then processed, and