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March, 1930] ILLUSION OF SOUND AND PICTURE 325
close-up of the principal performer. Contrasted to this, it is common practice to use a single microphone system, in which a number of microphones are mixed in the monitor room to attain intelligibility of speech and good quality of speech and music. When a number of microphones are used, the resultant blend of sound may not be said to represent any given point of audition, but is the sound which would be heard by a man with five or six very long ears, said ears extending in various directions. This blend of sound may be recorded on several machines, film or wax, or both film and wax, but the sound record is the same on all machines. Eventually the cutter will take this sound record, and will cut from one camera to the other in order to get the proper picture results. When this scene is projected, the eye will jump from a distant position to an intermediate position, and from there to close-up positions on important business. The sound will run throughout as though heard from the indefinite position described above. Since it is customary among humans to attempt to maintain constant the distance between the eye and the ear, these organs should move together from one point to another in order to maintain our much mentioned illusion.
My observation has been that this lack of coordination of eye and ear is the most flagrant fault in sound recording at the present time. It is particularly noticeable in short subjects of orchestras, where the close-up camera moves from one instrument to another while the microphone is recording a balanced blend of the combined instruments. If one were standing close to the saxophone, its tones would predominate, and shifting to the violin would have obvious consequences. Similarly, in dialog sequences, quality and volume remain constant while the cutter jumps from across the room to a big close-up. At such times one becomes conscious that he is witnessing a talking picture, this condition indicating that the illusion has been partially destroyed at that point.
Here it may be asked, "What can be done about it?" It is possible technically to make sound tracks which will match the camera takes so that the eyes and ears of the audience may retain their normal positions. This can be done by using parallel recording channels, with the microphone on each so placed that the resultant sound tracks will approximate the effective camera positions desired. This procedure would require more predetermination of camera angles than is usual at the present time, and coordination of the camera positions with the microphone placing. The desired result could be obtained in most