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WATER COOLING OF INCANDESCENT LAMPS N. T. GORDON*
INTRODUCTION
The ordinary applications of incandescent lamps in lighting our homes, offices, and cities seldom bring to our attention or consideration the quantity of heat which is produced as a necessary consequence to the light emitted by incandescent tungsten. However, in certain special applications of high intensity illumination, such as the lighting in motion picture studios and the projection of motion picture films, the intense heat not only is brought to our attention, but is impressed on our minds through physical discomfort.
The tendency is toward higher and higher intensity of illumination, and along with the light we get more and more heat which is evidenced by spoiled make-up and dispositions. Talking and color motion pictures are placing added responsibility upon the incandescent lamp, and it is the desire to remove, so far as possible, any features which are objectionable even in special applications. With this aim in mind, the problem of reducing the heat from incandescent lamps has received careful consideration in the research and engineering laboratories of lamp manufacturers, and it is our purpose to present a report of progress on one line of experimentation. It must be emphasized that the work has not reached a commercial stage, but we are intensely interested in solving the problem, and criticism and discussion of the present experimental work will be of great value in future development, should it progress beyond the laboratory.
ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS FOR A BLACK BODY AND TUNGSTEN
In order to obtain a clearer conception of the proportion of the total energy radiated by an incandescent body in the different spectral regions, let us refer to some diagrams and tables taken from the literature on that subject. Fig. 1 shows energy distribution curves for a black body at three temperatures. Relative energy is plotted as abscissas and wave-length as ordinates. The visible spectrum is
* General Electric Co. Research Laboratory, Schenectady, N. Y. 332