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May, 1930] CAMERA MECHANISM 537
and would say, "If you will kindly keep your seats for a minute or two, the matter will be rectified." Robert Paul was one of the pioneers and his show at the Alhambra attained some measure of fame. He sent his operators abroad and obtained some very interesting matter. One of his pictures showed a rough sea breaking into a cave ; to get this he had sent to Spain. His camera had a Maltese cross movement, and his projector had two Maltese cross-driven sprockets. About this time I was approached by Blair and Dando to make them a camera on a new patent system brought by Blair from America. Mr. Blair was, I believe, the founder of the Blair Film Camera Co. There was a suggestion among the directors of the Palace Theater at the time, that they must have moving pictures somehow or other. Paul working at the Alhambra was not available, and there was nobody else competent to deal with the matter.
The camera brought by Blair and Dando was a modified form of beater movement, and had a reciprocating shutter. It was a very inefficient idea, and I modified it and added pilot pins. I did not invent the pilot pin system; it was suggested to me by one of my workmen named Woodhead, but I believe this was the first time the pilot pin system was used to ensure registration in the camera. The film used was a large one, about the same size as that used by Demeny, and the effect was good, so I am told, but I never saw it in operation. Prices were different in those days. I made a perforator, a camera, and a projector, and the price was a little over £100. Differences arose between the partners and the whole matter was allowed to drop. I should much like to find one of those machines to add to my collection.
The next machine in my list is the Biograph, the most colossal apparatus ever made, and the largest machine ever used commercially. The intermittent movement of this depended on the broken roller system. It was invented by Hermann Casler, whose name has appeared so many times since in the patent records. Pictures from this machine were a great feature in the program at the Palace Theater for some months, and people thought that at that time finality in moving pictures had been attained. The pictures were very fine and large; the screen covered the proscenium opening of the Palace stage. In addition to using the large film, the pictures were taken and shown in the neighbourhood of 40 per second, so a tremendous amount of film was used. The film was not driven by perforations, but perforations were afterward added in the camera for the purpose of print