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TELEVISION STUDIO TECHNIC ALBERT W. PROTZMAN**
Summary. — The studio operating technic as practiced in the NBC television studios today is discussed and comparisons are made, where possible, to motion picture technic. Preliminary investigations conducted to derive a television operating technic revealed that both the theater and the motion picture could contribute certain practices.
The problems of lighting, scenic design, background projection, and make-up are discussed, with special emphasis on the difficulties and differences that make television studio practice unique.
An explanation is given of the functioning of a special circuit used in television sound pick-up to aids in the creation of the illusion of close-up and long-shot sound perspective without impracticable amount of microphone movement. The paper concludes with a typical television production routine showing the coordination and timing of personnel and equipment required in producing a television program.
If one were forced to name the first requirement of television operating technic and found himself limited to a single word, that word would undoubtedly be "timing." Accurate timing of devices and split-second movements of cameras are the essentials of television operation. Personnel must function with rigid coordination. Mistakes are costly — they must not happen — there are no second chances.
Why such speed and coordination? Television catches action at the instant of its occurrence. Television does not allow us to shoot one scene today and another tomorrow, to view rushes or resort to the cutting room for editing. Everything must be done as a unit, correct and exact at the time of the "takes" — otherwise, there is no television show.
Now, to discuss some preliminary investigations conducted before production was attempted, and to describe the equipment and technic used hi meeting these production requirements. Technical details are deliberately omitted. Wherever possible, we shall compare
* Presented at the 1939 Spring Meeting at Hollywood, Calif. ; received April 6, 1939.
** National Broadcasting Co., New York, N. Y. 26