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1950 TELEVISION CUTTING 253
from one shot to the next. The cut should be made during the action itself, not just before it, and not after it. As a director you must watch your monitors very closely, have the second camera ready, call the first half of your order, "Take ...," and just at the moment of the move, call the camera number. If it is a short movement, like a dancer's leap, for instance, and there is any delay at all, the cut will come after the leap is over.
It is very important for the switcher or technical director who punches buttons to know ahead of time which camera is to be taken next. His reaction time is faster then. He has only to punch the button. He doesn't have to decide first which button to punch. KLAC-TV in Hollywood has established a rule requiring directors to call the camera number first, before they call the take. If they say, "Two. Take Two," it gives the technical director time to get ready, and a well-timed cut results. In spontaneous cutting, however, it is not always possible to anticipate sufficiently ahead of time. Many of the directors' orders at this studio sound more like "Twotaketwo," which is no great advantage, and just gives the director more to say.
The director's best method, I believe, is to give a "ready" cue whenever possible. This is appreciated also by the cameraman who is not so likely to be caught changing lenses or adjusting focus at the moment of the cut. "Ready Two" can be said almost automatically while you are watching the action on camera Two. Where the cut must be precise, a further "Take ..." will keep the technical director poised. Then the number can be thrown very quickly, accompanied if desired by a hand signal, and the reaction is almost as fast as though the director himself pushed the button.
The moment of action is such a natural place to cut that it is possible to violate the other principles of good cutting and get away with it, as long as the cut is made on action. For instance, one principle, which I shall describe later, is concerned with keeping left and right straight in the viewer's mind. Whoever is looking or moving left in one shot should be looking or moving left in the next, if the action is to match at all. However, Don Hallman at WXYZ-TV covers wrestling with two cameras, which are on opposite sides of the ring. The purpose of this setup is that one camera can see what is hidden from the other. He has great problems in cutting, however. Whenever he switches cameras, the contestants change places on the screen. Hallman's method is to wait for a positive action before making his