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1950 TELEVISION CUTTING 267
Ironically in television. Several types of simple wipes can be done optically by shutters and masks in front of the camera. These will be discussed under special effects in another chapter in this book. A wipe between titles, for instance, is not to be confused with a pull-off or slide-through, which is a bodily movement of the title in front of the camera. In the true wipe, two cameras are used (or two stages of an effects machine) and everything is stationary. The only thing that moves on the screen is the line of demarcation between the two pictures as the area of one grows larger and the other smaller.
No standard connotation was ever found for the wipe in motion pictures. It is very rarely used in dramatic films, finding its greatest value as a decorative device in industrial films, film commercials and the like, which depend on surface devices for their visual interest.
Methods of doing an electronic wipe have been in the design stage for years. They were first put into regular operation by NBC in 1949. The first use of the electronic wipe was to produce a split screen: with two ends of a telephone conversation shown at once. What was even more remarkable, an interviewer in New York was shown on the same screen as an interviewee in Washington. This will receive more complete treatment under electronic special effects in another chapter. All the switching systems at NBC-owned stations (their own design) now are equipped with a dial control for making a horizontal wipe. A wipe is sometimes used to lead into a splitscreen effect. A man starts a telephone conversation. On the opposite side of the screen a wipe begins, then proceeds far enough to reveal the person at the other end of the line. When the call is over, the second picture wipes back out again.
(A chapter on Switching is scheduled for next month.)