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16 IVES AND KUNZ July
might be on this basis where additional equipment is needed for a specific task during a limited period of time. In special situations the simplified temperature control requiring no refrigeration, which is enjoyed when the processing temperature is well above ambient, will be of importance. Occasionally, equipment and a method of this type will be valuable because the delay in processing before a short length of film is available for subsequent use is reduced.
In many of these cases, reduction of the processing time below 2 or 3 min would not be necessary and greater running speed even with proportionately larger size might be desirable. A longer film path could be adopted for a motion picture laboratory machine in which highest quality of results is of prime importance and to permit the use of more dilute baths, possibly in a cascade flow through two tanks for economy. With more time for washing, savings could be effected by heating water only to 70 F.
Fig. 7. Straight-line tube equipment for ultrarapid processing.
SPECIAL APPLICATIONS
An extreme case is that in which the exposed film, in a continuous length, must be made to produce a visible image at the earliest moment after leaving the exposing station. For this purpose, in which the film can be used directly without washing or drying, a straight-line machine of the type illustrated in Fig. 7 was devised by one of the authors about 1937. It consisted of a jacketed tube 2 ft long separated into three compartments by means of sponge-rubber plugs held in place by friction with the tube wall. The device was assembled with the leader film passing in a straight line from one compartment to the next through knife cuts in the sponge-rubber plugs. The end compartments about 8 to 9 in. long were filled with developer and fixing bath, respectively, while the smaller space in the middle was empty. The exposed film was attached to the leader and drawn through the baths at the rate of about 100 fpm so as to provide about one-half second in each bath. The highly hardened, low-speed