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1950 SIMPLIFICATION OF PROCESSING METHODS 17
Kodalith Type film was used with the strongly alkaline Kodak Developer D-9 and an ammonium thiocyanate fixing bath at about 150 F. The latter was made up in the proportion of 15 g of the salt to 5 ml of water and solidified at room temperature. Equipment of this type is, of course, very limited in application but it gives some indication of the possibilities when the rapid processing methods and equipment are properly chosen for a special purpose.
ADAPTATION TO PROPERTIES OF FILM
Up to this point the practice of rapid processing has been treated mainly for the case in which the film to be used is so highly hardened in manufacture that it can be subjected to severe chemical treatment at high temperature without causing much swelling or softening of the gelatin emulsion layer. Among the motion picture films regularly supplied only certain of the lower-speed types are hardened to this degree during manufacture. In addition, a few special photographic films have been made for applications where certain limitations in properties and restrictions in handling can be accepted. At the present time it is not possible to make commercially satisfactory high-speed negative emulsions hardened to this degree, although progress is being made.
In order to extend the benefits of the rapid processing procedure to the emulsion types which are not available fully hardened, modified techniques have been studied in which supplementary hardening is given at the start of processing or in which the severity of the treatment is moderated with some concession in length of treating time.
Method with Prehardener
The use of a prehardening bath, such as Kodak Prehardener SH-5, is satisfactory with most types of high-speed negative films and permits subsequent development at temperatures up to 125 F, but consumes from 1 to 4 min in various cases. However, this treatment10 removes all obstacles to the use of the strenuous rapid processing treatment without causing any significant loss of emulsion speed or image quality.
From the prehardener the film can go directly to a vigorous developer, such as Kodak Rapid Developer SD-26. This is followed by rapid fixing, washing and drying procedures of the type discussed in the preceding sections. Times of treatment for the higher-speed negative materials must be appropriate for the combination of film type and processing baths chosen but will usually be several times as long as for Fine Grain Release Positive Film.