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18 IVES AND KUNZ July
When it is imperative that the time of prehardening be reduced, the temperature in this prebathing can be elevated to 125 F if the SH-5 is modified by the addition of 100 g of anhydrous sodium sulfate, and 45 ml of formalin per liter. High-speed negative films can be fully hardened in this bath in 30 sec to 1 min, but when so treated will yield only about one half the normal emulsion speed. The antifoggant concentration may require adjustment for optimum emulsion speed with a given combination of film type and developer.
Intermediate Method
A preferable scheme of handling the less hardened films including the high-speed negatives is to employ all the features of the rapid processing technique such as the use of rapidly acting baths, the spray bathing and washing, and impingement warm-air drying, avoiding only the use of high temperatures. In this way, the highspeed negative films can be processed completely at 70 F to give goodquality images in 4 min, that is, in one tenth the usual time, by the use of Kodak Rapid Developer SD-26 (formula below), Kodak Rapid Liquid Fixer (with Hardener), spray washing, and impingement warm-air drying, each for 1 min. A 2-sec spray rinse with water is sufficient between developing and fixing.
Kodak Rapid Developer SD-26
Water, about 90 F (32 C) 750.0 ml
Kodak Elon Developing Agent 20 . 0 g
Kodak Sodium Sulfite, desiccated 60 . 0 g
Kodak Hydroquinone 20 . 0 g
Kodak Sodium Hydroxide (Caustic Soda) 20 . 0 g
Kodak Potassium Bromide 10 . 0 g
Cold water to make 1.01
With the drying air moving at high velocity over all parts of the film, the temperature of the wet emulsion approaches the wet-bulb temperature which is below 80 F for a dry bulb of 120 F, even when the air is taken into the system at 70 F and 70% relative humidity. A further margin of safety against softening of the emulsion can be obtained where required by an increase of 1 min in the time of treatment in the hardening fixing bath, which should be obtained preferably by the addition of a second fixing-bath cabinet, into which the replenisher bath is fed in a two-stage counterflow system.
Composition of Processing Baths
The formulas given here have been found useful in practical applications but will require modification to suit the needs of individual