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22 IVES AND KUNZ July
CHOICE OF TYPE OF EQUIPMENT
It is apparent that when the operations in processing are shortened by a factor of 10 to 50 times or more, attractive possibilities are offered. However, there is no universally best design for equipment to be used with rapid processing methods. Instead, the design must be chosen in any particular case according to whether the emphasis is to be on compactness, curtailment of the time of processing, simplification of operation, etc. General comments on design of equipment are given in Appendix I and details in regard to components in Appendix II.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors are glad to acknowledge the valuable contributions made to this work by Norman A. Exley, of these Laboratories, particularly in the work on the "intermediate method" by which the softer high-speed negative films can be processed rapidly without the use of a prehardening bath. They also desire to express their thanks for the generous assistance in problems of equipment design given them by the engineering personnel of the Eastman Kodak Co.
Rochester 4, N.Y. September 28, 1949.
APPENDIX I. COMMENTS ON DESIGN OF EQUIPMENT
1. Film Path. In applications where unskilled operators will use the equipment, threading should be extremely simple, or else fully automatic. However, unless an ultrarapid process is employed, the longer film-path length of fast-running machines must be sinusoidal or helical for the sake of compactness. In order to cut down the horizontal length of the machine and the number of film-transport rollers, the film loops could be lengthened, but when the span between supporting rollers exceeds about 5 ft it becomes increasingly difficult to keep the film in position under the action of forceful jets. The use of drums is limited practically by their bulk, even if the film makes more than one turn around them.
2. General Arrangement. With equipment such as the 90-fpm unit, a turn-around path could be used to place the start and finish, side by side. The machine could then be located in an alcove on a roll-away truck.
3. Number of Stages. As stated previously, the provision of more than a single stage in the bathing treatments where space restrictions are not extreme gives desirable latitude in formulating baths and makes possible more economical operation.