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used extensively in Canada. With the amplifier in good working condition and the sound scanning beam balanced to ±li db across its full width, the sound level of the half-track is down approximately 5 to 6 db. The frequency response characteristic remains unchanged. Signal-to-noise ratio of the projector is not affected since the scanning beam is mechanically reduced by one-half. There is an increase of amplifier noise since the gain must be increased to compensate for the volume loss on the half-track. However, this is not serious for all normal requirements.
While this system is particularly adaptable to variable density and multiple bilateral area tracks it is also applicable to other types of area tracks with the exception of unilateral records.
In conclusion this 50-mil optical track system appears to offer the following advantages which are applicable to either 35mm or 16mm black-and-white or color film prints:
(a) Double and possibly triple-version tracks may be produced on a single print at very low cost, thus introducing economy for film users in various fields.
(b) Using the split tracks for independent recording of the low and highfrequency components of a single sound track will reduce intermodulation distortion. By means of selective playback, greater utilization of the same print may be made.
(c) The cost of adapting a projector
for this purpose will probably be less than fifteen dollars per machine and the adaptor will not, in any way, limit the projector for use with regular films.
Discussion
John G. Frayne: I would like to offer a suggestion if I may to Mr. Graham. It's possible with the valve which I believe you showed in that slide, the RA-1238 push-pull valve, to reconnect it so that you can record two independent tracks simultaneously. Have you tried that?
Gerald G. Graham: No, not yet.
Dr. Frayne: It can be done very easily.
Mr. Graham: It's an excellent suggestion.
Dr. Frayne: You merely put the two separate signals on the two outside noisereduction ribbons, superimpose the noisereduction currents on these and keep the center ribbon as a mask. You thus get two independent tracks. In the case of variable area, you simply connect each ribbon to an independent signal and noisereduction input and thus obtain two separate VA tracks.
Mr. Graham: Yes, to date in the experimental work we haven't actually been delving into the recording system. We've tried to work outside of that. That is something we would like to do next.
H. R. Kossman: The speaker mentions making superimposed titles. However, there is another method — it's a Debrie printer which accomplishes this by projecting one single text frame onto the negative while the printer runs. This means a considerable saving in matte costs.
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July 1952 Journal of the SMPTE Vol. 59