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WARM COMPRESSED AIR
CARBON DIOXIDE (OPTIONAL)
Q
I 1
ELECTROLYSIS CELL
FIXING TANK SPRAY WASH
TANK DRYER
Fig. 3. Schematic representation of vanadium processing machine: 1, lead cathode; 2, porous cup; 3, carbon anode; 4, vent:anode compartment; 5, vent:cathode compartment; 6, column of orifices through which developer is forced to give immersed-jet agitation; 7, drive and squeegee. Arrows in developer recirculation system show the direction of solution flow. The electrolysis cell, the developing tank, and the drying cabinet are of Plexiglas, while all other parts that come in contact with solutions are of Type 316 stainless steel.
heat-exchange system back to the immersed jets of the developing tank.
The electrolytic cell in the system serves as a novel method of maintaining developer activity. Oxidized vanadium formed by the development process and aeration is electrolytically reduced in the cell and the composition of the developer remains essentially constant. The only loss is represented by the amount of solution carried out on the film, and with proper squeegeeing, this may be kept at a low level. Runs have been made where carry-out rates of approximately 0.3 ml/ft of 35mm film have prevailed.
After development, the film immediately passes through a spray water rinse which acts as a stop bath. From this point, the film is conventionally fixed, washed and dried, except that an ammonium hypo fixer, spray wash and
warm, forced-air current are employed, so that the rate of these processing steps will be consistent with the developing rate. Figures 4 and 5 show the experimental machine with which the vanadium development tests were made.
Processing Procedure
Using the optimum vanadium developer formula, Eastman Fine Grain Release Positive Film, Type 5302, is developed in 15 to 20 sec at 60 F on the experimental machine with a film speed of about 6 ft/min. The developing section is charged with a solution prepared in an external electrolytic cell, the electrolysis being performed external to the machine primarily to save time. Continuous electrolytic regeneration of the vanadium developer during a processing run requires relatively little current and consequently the electrolytic
Rasch and Crab tree: Development by Vanadous Ion