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(54)
R > V(BC A] • (53)
(70)_f£ (0.25 -0.15) gal (3785) ml_ mm (1000) " ft gal
26.5 jnl^ min
R^(Cc.-CoV (56)
(60) gram (0.15) gal (3.785) liter (15)
(55)
gram ft (70)
min
(57)
> 42.9
R>
AV
(10) gram (70) ft (1000) ml
(1000) ft min liter
(4) gram liter
_ (0.15) gal (3785) ml (70) Jt_
(1000) ft gal min
(60)
X
Y
Z
(58)
C0 C0(0.295)
60g/l
17 7
60g/l
17.7
4g/l 1.18
(59)
D(519)
Cr
0
77.7
7.8 85.5
-5.19 0
= 135^
(61)
The replenishment rate should therefore be 135 ml per minute.
Replenisher concentrations may now be calculated :
_ C0(AV + R) + py
Cr = — g—
c,C.Ay + DV
. . (62)
Cr = Co +
(Co} _g (0.15) gal (70) ft (3785) ml
1 (1000) ft min gal
(135) ml min
CD)_g_(70) Jt_ (1000) ml ft min 1
(135) mT~ min
Cr = Co + C0(0.295) + D(519)
(63)
(64)
Conclusion
Formulas and rates for continuous replenishment, and for intermittent replenishment, of solutions in developer machines can be established by methods presented here. Tank size, machine velocity, carry-over of liquid on the film, concentration values, and chemical reactions between film and solution have been shown to determine optimum replenishment formulas and rates. These controlling factors have been incorporated in equations, so that replenisher formulas and rates can be calculated readily when values of these factors are known. By means of this mathematical approach, it is believed that variation in film density and gamma caused by changes in processing solutions can be appreciably reduced, and that a savings in certain operating expenses can be attained.
References
1. R. M. Evans, "Maintenance of a developer by continuous replenishment," Jour. SMPE, 37: 273-286, Sept. 1938.
2. Ibid., p. 286.
3. H. L. Baumbach, "Continuous replenishment and chemical control of motion picture developing solutions," Jour. SMPE, 39: 55-66, July 1942.
22
January 1954 Journal of the SMPTE Vol.62