Living pictures; their history, photoproduction and practical working. With a digest of British patents and annotated bibliography (1899)

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PERSISTENCE OF VISION. 5 to a half outline of a glass shade and mounted outside the wire, caused the appearance of a complete trans- parent covering. Later, a heavy metal top was used to obtain rotation, the wires being inserted in a hollow vertical spindle. This toy was manufactured in France and known under the name of " La Toupie eblouissante," or Dazzling Top (Fig. 2). These toys were, of course, manufactured subsequently to the date as yet reached in this review of progress, but have most con- nection with this stage of the whole subject. So, up to the year 1825, demon- stration was confined to exhibiting the same object in more than one place at once; but in 1826 or thereabouts it was ren- dered possible to see tivo different objects in the same place at the same time. This was accomplished by the Thaumatrope^ the invention of which is attributed by Brewster to Dr. Paris, who himself claimed it in his book, " Philosophy in Sport m.ade Science in Earnest." It consists of a card having images on each surface, Fio. 2. Fig. 3. inverted with respect to each other, as in Fig. 3, and these images (when presented in rapid alternation by the revolution of the card) both persist, and so appear simultaneously and continuously present in the field of view. With reference to the general acceptance of Dr.