Living pictures; their history, photoproduction and practical working. With a digest of British patents and annotated bibliography (1899)

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DIAGRAM ILLUSIONS. 15 Fig. I r, the entire disc at once, whereas with the older arrange- ment only a single person could view the effect at one time. The slotted disc was, however, felt to be a great disadvantage by reason of the small amount of light which could reach the eye; an idea of the proportion allowed to pass may be formed from the relative extent of slot and opaque disc, for of course while the latter is before the eye no light is received. Wheatstone endeavoured to overcome this failing by allowing the disc to be viewed on its face instead of in a mirror. By means of a cog and snail motion the disc was kept at rest for a comparatively long period and then rapidly jerked into its next position. The eye was thus im- pressed with a vigorous image which persisted over the short period of blur caused by the rapid movement, and then received the succeeding stationary image in its full strength. This crude apparatus is interesting because some of the most effective of modern machines employ an inter- mittent motion with so long rest and such rapid travel that a shutter is dispensed with; while one of the most satisfactory forms of apparatus manufactured in France actually takes its name of Heliocinegraphe from the very same cog and snail motion employed by Wheat- stone forty or fifty years ago. It was subsequently suggested, in order to obviate the use of a mirror, that a slotted disc might be mounted in advance of the diagram but on the same axis, so that they both revolved