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DIAGRAM ILL US 10 NS. 21 motion of the handle repeats these actions with sufficient rapidity to throw an apparently permanent and moving figure on the screen. A somewhat similar arrangement to Beale's Rotary Choreutoscope was patented in the United States by A. B. Brown in the year 1869 (No. 93,594). This specification is mainly of interest by reason of the construction employed in the intermittent mechanism. It forms a very close approach indeed to the modern cinematograph with Maltese Cross motion; a star-wheel and pin being used to drive the design wheel periodically, while a two- sector shutter is shown geared to eclipse the light during the change of picture. From this point it would be comparatively easy, by describing no more than two machines, to bridge the gap of twenty years which still remains to be traversed ere the first machine of distinctly modern type appears. Mr. Heyl, in the year after Brown s United States patent, exhibited a somewhat similar apparatus, employing photographic images ; but consideration of his machine must be deferred until the next chapter, for many elementary forms of apparatus remain to be described before the subject of chrono- photography is discussed. Of the simpler diagram apparatus, however, the phenakistoscopic, or disc-and-slot machines, are prac- tically exhausted, except so far as their principles may recur in some form of photographic device, and it is necessary now to consider the cylindrical apparatus (directly derived from the Phenakistoscope), popularly introduced about i860, and subsequently called the Zoetrope, Zootrope^ or Wheel of Life, the latter term being a name also applied to a previously described lantern slide (page 19). Desvignes patented the Zoetrope, though not naming it, in i860. The year 1867, however, saw a patent (No. 64,117) issued in the United States to William E. Lincoln, of Providence,