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86 MOTION PICTURE COMMISSION. human life and conduct on a stage; it may be a sketch of a plot or several incidents of a play; or a reproduction of objects, of pic- turesque views, of scientific research, and is descriptive, educational, instructive, and amusing. The pictures or impressions are taken on a certain sensitized cellu- loid film, witli the aid of specially prepared lenses so arranged that the impressions mav be taken in rapid succession, which is called the "negative" or "original"; from this negative copies are produced and printed, which is the product that is exhibited or displayed vv'ith the aid of electrical apparatus or mechanical appliances capable of projection, and at the same time producing on the screen or curtain an enlarged facsimile of such print or film in such a manner as to cause the illusion of the original to appear to be animated to the eye. This negative is retained by the manufacturer or producer. The printed copies are distributed to various distributing agencies called " exchanges." located in principal cities throughout the coun- try, who in turn rent them to the theater owners or exhibitors for display or exhibition purposes. Mr. TowKER. After it is manufactured you submit it to the board of censorship, and if it has to be changed you change it? Mr. ScHECiiTER. Yes, sir. Mr. Towner. And if it is approved then, after it is approved it is sent out to the various distributing centers? Mr. ScHECiiTER. Yes, sir. The three so-called producing companies or groups of manufac- turers mentioned before this c(^mmittee, I believe, control about 75 per cent of all the business in this country; that is, the General Film Co., the Mutual Film Corporation, and "the Universal Film ^lanu- facturing Co. I think a word of explanation in regard to these three companies at this time is proper. The General Film Co. is an exchange corporation; that is, a dis- tributing corporation. T understand it is under contract with vari- ous manufacturing concerns who c( nstitute the Motion Picture Pat- ents Co. Among these concerns are the following: The Biognmh Co.. Edison Co.,' Kalem Co., Pathe Freres Co., Selig Polyscope Co., Vitagraph Co., Cines-Klein Co., Lubin Co., Melies Co., Essanay Co. Perhaps there are some others which I can not recall at the presrnt time. Mr. Towner. Take a familiar instance. Take tlie movmg-picture exhibition of Quo Vadis; how did that originate? Mr. ScHEniTER. That picture. 1 understand, was produced in Eu- rope. George Klein, of the Ciues-KkMU Co., one of the companies allied with the Motion Picture Patents Co., and reknising its product through the medium of the General Film Co., was, as I understand, the general agent of the European company which manufactured that film in Europe; and he, as such general agent, arranged for the exhibition of tiie picture Quo Vadis throughout this country. Ml-. Towner. AVhich company produced the film that they had so much controversy about, called.! think, "The Wages of Sin" ? Mr. SCHECIITER. I do not recall. Mr. Towner. That picture, I believe, depicted the scene of a mur- der of a notorious gambler.