Motion Picture Herald (Oct-Dec 1931)

October 24, 1931 Motion Picture Herald 57 lieves the theatre owner from further obligations. For example, in Mahoney V Perreault (175 N. E. 467), a pedestrian sued to recover damages for an injury sustained as a result of slipping on an icy sidewalk. There was evidence tending to show that on the Saturday before the accident there had been a heavy fall of snow, which ended the neiit day, and that on the following Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday the snow had been shovelled off the concrete sidewalk in front of the premises and placed upon the grass plot or tree belt. It is the contention of the pedestrian that her injuries were the result of negligence of the property owner in shovelling snow from the sidewalk upon the grass plot where it melted and ran upon the sidewalk forming ice. It was also contended that the property owner was negligent in failing to spread upon the sidewalk sand or ashes. In holding the property owner not liable, the court said : "The undisputed evidence shows that after snow fell upon the concrete sidewalk it was removed by the defendant (property owner) by throwing it upon the grass plot. So far as appears there was no other place where he could have deposited it unless he threw it into the street thereby impeding travel, or caused it to be carried away. . . . The defendant (property owner) violated no duty he owed the plaintiff by clearing snow from the sidewalk in front of his premises. He acted within his rights in shovelling it upon the grass plot. ... A landowner cannot be held liable if he shovels snow from the sidewalk in front of the walk and the curb and it melts and runs over the walk and thereafter ice is formed. . . . This court has repeatedly held that the owner of premises abutting upon a public way has no duty to keep the way clear from snow, ice or water which is upon it from natural causes, or to guard against accident by placing sawdust or other substances upon the sidewalk." Contributory Negligence THE LAW IS well established that a pedestrian who is contributory negligent and fails to use care to prevent an injury cannot recover damages from either a theatre owner or a city for an injury caused by a defective sidewalk. For illustration, in Sloan V American (37 S. W. [2d] 884), it was disclosed that a pedestrian fell into an open elevator shaft which was in the center of the sidewalk. He sued the city and the property owner for damages. During the trial it was proved that a wire screening three and one-half feet high surrounded the hole and that the pedestrian walked against this screening while watching a man across the street. In view of this testimony the higher court held the pedestrian not entitled to recover damages, and said : "The appellant (pedestrian) was proceeding along the sidewalk in broad daylight. The elevator opening, or at least the barriers 3^/^ feet high, were plain to be seen. He was not frightened or acting in an emergency. He could have glanced forward from time to time observing his course, but he did not. He could have seen the obstruction a long way ahead. His excuse for not doing so is that he lit a cigarette, and thereafter kept his eyes on a man on the other side of the street. ... A footman must use ordinary, that is, due care to avoid injuring himself. Such care is the care of an ordinary person under like circumstances. Such care is broad enough to create the duty to look and see where one is going, as well as the duty to avoid danger when actually discovered. . . . He need not be watching at every footfall for defects, but he should act like a prudent person, who makes reasonable use of his eyes while walking. He cannot shut his eyes, or blindfold himself, or walk backward, or not look about him at all, or, under the assumption that no defects exist walk heedlessly into obvious ones." Compressor Motors in Cooling Plants {Continued from page 11) to speed and be synchronized before the clutch is thrown in and allowed to gradually pick up the compressor load. This is also costly and increases the space required for the equipment. Various unloading devices are now being experimented with by different manufacturers, and it is possible that before long they will remove the obstacle of automatic operation of synchronous-motor driven plants. Unloading devices have been used successfully on air compressors and although the conditions are somewhat dif?erent for refrigerating machines, it should be possible to work out this system. The torques given in the above table are, of course, standard and it is possible for engineers to design motors with considerably more starting and pull-in torque. In doing so, hov/ever, it is necessary to increase greatly the size of the machine and usually operate at leading power factor. The inrush is also greatly increased, so often the advantages are not worth the increased cost. WHILE MOST CO2 compressors can be started by the standard synchronous motors, provided they are bypassed, the single-cylinder horizontal compressor requires in the neighborhood of 70% starting torque, and manufacturers of motors, supply special designs for this application. An important characteristic of a compressor load is the fact that it is pulsating. 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