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COMPRESSED GASES 91 on the works, not in public use—has since occurred in the north of England. No oxygen ought ever to be pumped into any but the usual black bottles; and no hydrogen or house-gas into any other than red bottles. These are the two colours accepted by the trade and general consent. I also insist very strongly, that no pumpers have any right to fill up a bottle, without first seeing that all pressure is let off. These rules give safety, and no other rules do so; as to little contrivances sold for cus- tomers to ' test' their gas, a large proportion of operators have not knowledge enough to use such things. If an explosion occurred, and fatal results followed, and it were proved that the pumpers had broken the first of the rules just mentioned, the culprits ought to be, and I believe would be, held guilty of manslaughter. Since the explosion just referred to, all firms of real standing now act upon both ; and while it is necessary to point out where any neglect has caused accident, it may be well to repeat, that not a single accident has yet happened to any user of the gas in England up to this date, out of thou- sands of cylinders. It is, indeed, difficult to understand how any accident can happen without criminal carelessness on the part of the firm supplying the gas; the few accidents which have occurred ' in the trade ' itself, having pointed out the only sources of danger very clearly. The ' mixture' which might possibly occur with bags, if carelessly handled, is by the high pressure of the cylinders rendered, with them, practically impossible. CHAPTER VII THE OXY-ETHER AND HYDRO-CARBON LIGHTS 50. The Oxy-ether Light.—For many years lamps have occasionally been employed in laboratories which burnt the vapour of some volatile fluid in place of gas; and recently such