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ioo OPTICAL PROJECTION gases (see same chapter). On tlio other hand, the hydrogen bye-pass, when used for ether vapour, must be more free than usual, and if it is a groove round the plug, as in many, this may have to be filed deeper. I have seen it stated that a dissolver cannot be used, but there is no difficulty if properly adjusted. 54. Cxy-Carbon Light.—Mr. Albert Scott recommends the use in a similar manner of benzoline, used in a porous saturator which is heated by a lamp to promote volatilisation. This fluid, like rhigoline or petroleum ether, belongs to the paraffin series, whose formula is C n H 2n+ 2- ^ r - Scott claims for this modification that a larger nipple can be used, and that a better light can be obtained than with mixed gases ; also that by passing even coal-gas through the fluid before burning at the jet, so as to ' enrich' the gas with hydro-carbon vapour, using the mixed gases otherwise as usual, a considerable gain in light is obtained, concentrated in a smaller spot. This would be a very valuable gain for microscopic work, and I felt much interest in the question ; but after careful trial together, both Mr. Herbert Newton and myself came to the conclusion that not the slightest advantage could be observed. When experimenting with the oxygen passed through warmed benzoline, we experienced sharp though small explosions, and Mr. Scott himself writes rather flippantly of what he calls ' pops.' I agree with him that these ' pops' are of no real danger with his form of generator; but certainly no audience would tolerate them, or be free from panic if they occurred; and it is manifest that the need of Jieat to get sufficient vapour to form a non-explosive compound, is an additional item of risk about this method. I suggested to Mr. Scott the use of gasoline, which is a more volatile mixture than benzoline, of the same series; and this was adopted with benefit; but I should prefer to use rhigoline' a more volatile fluid still, and needing no heat, as is done by Mr. Ives. I also suggested the use of benzol or benzene, as richer in