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OXY-ETHER AND HYDRO-CARBON LIGHTS 101 carbon; and Mr. Scott says that this fluid gives the smallest spot of all; but it requires the jet as well as generator to be heated. It is remarkable that Mr. Ives also claims a smaller spot for the same light than when using mixed gases ; but at such trials as I have had any opportunity of witnessing, I was not able to trace this, nor was it the opinion of those present that the light was any better or more silent than that obtained by good operators with mixed gases, as Mr. Scott claims. On the other hand, it is indubitably true th&tfull apertures can be used with this series of oils, and the utmost power of the mixed jet (with such apertures) thus obtained, with only a cylinder of oxygen in the way of gas. As to the claim, how- ever, that still larger apertures can be used with hydro-carbon vapour than with mixed gases, I have never heard of Mr. Scott using more than y^-inch, whilst I have found no diffi- culty (with the jet described in Chapter IV.) in using T ^ nipples with mixed gas, so that this idea is certainly a mistake. It is possible that different operators may obtain rather different results. While, however, there may be occasional convenience in being able to obtain the most powerful light from one bag or cylinder alone, I fear that any apparatus needing heat will be regarded with little favour, and that Mr. Ives's rhigoline or petroleum ether will be the general choice amongst this class of liquids. CHAPTER VIII •LANTERNS AND THEIR MANIPULATION 55. Single Lanterns.—Lanterns for the simple exhibition of single slides are now practically made of one or the other of two patterns. If a petroleum-oil lamp is used, either always, or occasionally, the lantern-body is usually mads