Optic projection : principles, installation and use of the magic lantern, projection microscope, reflecting lantern, moving picture machine (1914)

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CH. I] CENTERING THE MAGIC LANTERN FIG. 1 8. FIGURE SHOWING HOW TO FIND THE CENTER OF A CIRCLE. Draw two chords (ch ch) and erect perpendiculars at their middle points. Where these perpendiculars cross is the center of the circle (C). As stated above, when once centered, the objective and condenser should be fixed in position. § 54. Avoidance of obliquity. — Not only must all the parts be at the same level and in one straight line, but the lenses must be perpendicular to that straight line and not oblique. Then the straight line or common axis passing from the crater of the upper carbon to the screen will coincide with the principal axis of the condenser and the projection objective, and the arrangement for perfect projection will be realized (fig. 1-4, 26). One can usually tell when the parts are in line and not oblique by sighting along them with the eye, or by the use of a straight edge like a T-square. To make sure by measurement one can put the optical bench or base-board (fig. 158, 1 59), on a level table and next a smooth wall. Then by measuring horizontally the central points can be determined exactly as their height was determined (§52). CORRECT DISTANCE APART OF THE DIFFERENT ELEMENTS § 55. Radiant and condenser. — With the three-lens condenser the radiant is at the right distance when it is at the principal focus of the first element of the condenser (fig. 2). This will give a