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MANAGERS AND PROJECTIONISTS 975
ing cars, trucks, et cetera, must be shut out. The studio walls, ceiling and floor must have sound absorbing coverings to avoid sound reverberations. Even the noise incident to operation of the camera mechanism must be prevented from reaching the "mike."
There are two methods of sound recording upon films in use at the present time. One is known as the "Variable Density," which is employed by Fox Movietone, DeForest Phonofilm, Powers Cinephone and others. The other method is known as the "Variable Area." It is used by RCA Photophone and others.
It is not the function of this work to make comparisons of relative excellence of methods. It would be highly presumptuous to attempt to do so. It may, however, be remarked that both these methods give splendid results when properly handled.
In describing the Variable Density method of recording, I shall use the Fox Movietone as my example, it having been the first successful and at this time (1929) the most widely used sound-on-the-film method in use in theatres.
As you all doubtless know, Fox Movietone impresses the sound photographically upon a strip of film beside the picture frames, on the right hand side as the film is threaded into the motion picture projector. This strip, which we will call the "sound track," is one-tenth (1/10) of an inch wide. It of course reduces the picture width by one tenth of an inch, though the depth of the "frame" is not affected.
The process of recording is as follows : The negative film passes the camera aperture in the usual manner at a speed of exactly ninety feet of film per minute. The