The sciopticon manual, explaining lantern projection in general, and the sciopticon apparatus in paricular (1877)

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10 SCIOPTICON MANUAL. a lens, may help to correct the common impression that these properties and a convex lens arc inseparable. THE INVERTED IMAGE. Of the rays of light proceeding in all directions from every point in the object £, as from all illuminated objects, just an assortment, that is to say a pencil from each point will enter the hole at S, just in lino to fall in reverse order upon the screen J., forming an inverted image. The picture results from admitting just an assortment and excluding all the rest. COLOR AND SHADING. Light from each of the several parts of the object B illuminates with its peculiar color and relative intensity each corresponding part of the imago, so that it is seen in natural light and shade, and in natural colors. The photographer can fix the relative shading, but ho cannot, as yet, fix the colors. MOTION. If, for example, the bird moves to a higher porch, the pencils of light will fall to a lower place on the screen, and so any movement of the object which alters the direction of the pencils of light, will give a reverse movement to the image. SIZE. By inspecting the angle of extreme rays it will bo seen that the imago in this case is smaller than the ob- ject, because it is nearer the aperture; so in all cases, the relative size of the image depends on its relative distance from the aperture.